Rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct mimicking choledochal cyst: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice / 中国当代儿科杂志

Extrahepatic biliary tract tumors are rare and among them rhabdomyosarcoma is most common. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue malignant musculoskeletal tumor and is a very rare malignancy of the common bile duct in children. It usually presents as obstructive jaundice and/or pruritus. If there is no local invasion to the adjacent tissues, the radiological appearance of the tumor lesion is like a choledochal cyst. So the diagnosis is usually made at surgery or by preoperative biopsy. It is important to diagnose early and differentiate it from choledochal cyst and start treatment as early as possible for long time survival of the patient. This case report presented a case of a 10-year-old boy with recurrent onset of obstructive jaundice and fever preoperatively who was diagnosed as choledochal cyst and postoperatively as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct. After surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, the child had a good prognosis. So it is crucial to know that this rare tumor can mimic congenital choledochal cyst and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in children.

Colangiopatía portal: complicación poco frecuente de la hipertensión portal / Portal cholangiopathy: infrequent portal hypertension complication / Colangiopatia do portal: complicação incomum da hipertensão portal

Se describe el caso clínico de una mujer de 62 años en la que se diagnostica una estenosis del colédoco en el contexto de hipertensión portal prehepática (cavernomatosis portal).

We report the case of a 62 years old woman with a choledochal stricture and chronic obstruction of the portal vein (portal cavernomatosis).

Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 62 anos com diagnóstico de estenose do colédoco no contexto da hipertensão portal pré-hepática (cavernomatose portal).

Cholecystectomy for Prevention of Recurrence after Endoscopic Clearance of Bile Duct Stones in Korea

PURPOSE: Cholecystectomy in patients with an intact gallbladder after endoscopic removal of stones from the common bile duct (CBD) remains controversial. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk of recurrent CBD stones and the benefit of cholecystectomy for prevention of recurrence after endoscopic removal of stones from the CBD in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 317 patients who underwent endoscopic CBD stone extraction between 2006 and 2012 were included. Possible risk factors for the recurrence of CBD stones including previous cholecystectomy history, bile duct diameter, stone size, number of stones, stone composition, and the presence of a periampullary diverticulum were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up after CBD stone extraction was 25.4+/-22.0 months. A CBD diameter of 15 mm or larger [odds ratio (OR), 1.930; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.098 to 3.391; p=0.022] and the presence of a periampullary diverticulum (OR, 1.859; 95% CI, 1.014 to 3.408; p=0.045) were independent predictive factors for CBD stone recurrence. Seventeen patients (26.6%) in the recurrence group underwent elective cholecystectomy soon after endoscopic extraction of CBD stones, compared to 88 (34.8%) in the non-recurrence group; the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.212). CONCLUSION: A CBD diameter of 15 mm or larger and the presence of a periampullary diverticulum were found to be potential predictive factors for recurrence after endoscopic extraction of CBD stones. Elective cholecystectomy after clearance of CBD stones did not reduce the incidence of recurrent CBD stones in Korean patients.

Characteristic Findings of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Autoimmune Pancreatitis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diffuse or segmental irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), as observed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is a characteristic feature of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). METHODS: ERCP findings were retrospectively examined in 40 patients with AIP in whom irregular narrowing of the MPD was detected near the orifice. The MPD opening sign was defined as the MPD within 1.5 cm from the orifice being maintained. The distal common bile duct (CBD) sign was defined as the distal CBD within 1.5 cm from the orifice being maintained. Endoscopic findings of a swollen major papilla and histological findings of specimens obtained from the major papilla were examined in 26 and 21 patients, respectively. RESULTS: The MPD opening sign was detected in 26 of the 40 patients (65%). The distal CBD sign was detected in 25 of the 32 patients (78%), which showed stenosis of the lower bile duct. The patients who showed the MPD opening sign frequently showed the distal CBD sign (p=0.018). Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, but not dense fibrosis, was histologically detected in biopsy specimens obtained from the major papilla. CONCLUSIONS: On ERCP, the MPD and CBD adjacent to the major papilla are frequently maintained in patients with AIP involving the pancreatic head. These signs are useful for diagnosing AIP on ERCP.

Complicaciones quirúrgicas de la ascaridiasis en la infancia / Surgical complications of childhood ascariasis

Introducción: La infestación por áscaris consttuye un problema de salud pública importante en áreas endémicas, provocando en algunos casos complicacionesque requieren la intervención del cirujano. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar las complicaciones quirúrgicas de la ascaridiasis,en nuestro medio.Diseño, lugar y partcipantes: se realizó un estudio descriptvo retrospectvo de los pacientes que presentaron complicaciones quirúrgicas debido a lainfestación por A. lumbricoides de enero de 1999 a marzo de 2015 que fueron tratados en la unidad de cirugía pediátrica del hospital general San Juande Dios.Resultados: Ingresaron 47 pacientes con infestación por áscaris, comprendidos en las edades de 1 a 13 años. Hubo 39 pacientes con obstrucción intestnal,7 con ascaridiasis en el colédoco y 1 con apendicits por áscaris. El diagnóstco de los 39 pacientes con oclusión intestnal por áscaris fue clínicoy con rayos X simple de abdomen, 19 resolvieron con tratamiento médico y 20 requirieron de tratamiento quirúrgico. Los pacientes con áscaris en elcolédoco fueron diagnostcados por USG a 1 se le logró extraer el áscaris por CPRE mientras que a los 6 restantes fue necesario la exploración de la víabiliar por laparotomía. El diagnóstco de la apendicits secundario a la obstrucción por áscaris se realizó trans operatoriamente. La morbilidad observadafue del 21% (10/47) de los pacientes: 8 presentaron respuesta infamatoria sistémica y 2 dehisencias de la anastomosis intestnal. La mortalidadfue del 2% (1/47): un paciente con fallo orgánico múltple por sepsis abdominal y desnutrición.Conclusiones: en este estudio, las complicaciones de la infestación por áscaris fueron la obstrucción intestnal, obstrucción de la vía biliar y apendicits...

Introducton: In endemic areas, ascariasis is an important public health problem. In cases of severe infestaton, some cases need to be surgically treated.The aim of this study is to analyze surgical complicatons of childhood ascariasis in our insttuton.Design, Place and Partcipants: A retrospectve study of all patents with ascariasis, from 1999 to 2015, evaluated in the surgical pediatric unit at SanJuan de Dios General Hospital.Results: We analyzed 47 patents with ascariasis, age range 1 to 13 years old. There were 39 patents with intestnal obstructon due to ascariasis, 7 withcholedochal ascariasis and 1 with appendiceal ascariasis. Diagnosis of intestnal obstructon due to ascariasis was made with clinical evaluaton andplain abdominal radiography. Of the 39 patents with abdominal obstructon, 19 resolved with medical treatment and 20 required surgical interventon.Patents with choledochal ascariasis were diagnosed by ultrasonography. In one patent, extracton of the worm was possible with endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography, in the remaining 6 patents, open common bile duct exploraton was required. Diagnosis of the appendiceal ascariasiswas made during appendectomy without previous clinical suspicion. Serious morbidity was 21% (10/47): 8 patents with severe infammatory responseand 2 anastomosis dehiscences. Mortality was 2% (1/47), a patent with multple organ failure, abdominal sepsis and malnourishment. Morbidity andmortality occurred only in patents with intestnal obstructon due to ascariasis. Conclusions: In this study, complicatons of ascariasis were intestnal obstructon, choledochal obstructon and acute appendicits...

A Case of Fasciola hepatica Infection Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma and ITS-1 Sequencing of the Worm

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. We report an 87-year-old Korean male patient with postprandial abdominal pain and discomfort due to F. hepatica infection who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with extraction of 2 worms. At his first visit to the hospital, a gallbladder stone was suspected. CT and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an intraductal mass in the common bile duct (CBD) without proximal duct dilatation. Based on radiological findings, the presumed diagnosis was intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. However, in ERCP which was performed for biliary decompression and tissue diagnosis, movable materials were detected in the CBD. Using a basket, 2 living leaf-like parasites were removed. The worms were morphologically compatible with F. hepatica. To rule out the possibility of the worms to be another morphologically close species, in particular F. gigantica, 1 specimen was processed for genetic analysis of its ITS-1 region. The results showed that the present worms were genetically identical (100%) with F. hepatica but different from F. gigantica.

A Case of IgG4 Associated Sclerosing Cholangitis without Clinical Manifestations of Autoimmune Pancreatitis / 대한소화기학회지

IgG4-related systemic diseases are characterized by a diffuse or mass forming inflammatory reaction rich in lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells (lymphoplasmacytic infiltration), fibrosclerosis of variable organs and obliterative phlebitis. They usually involve various organs including the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, and prostate. However, most of them are accompanied by autoimmune pancreatitis, and good response to steroid treatment is one of the hallmarks of this disease. We report a case of an 67-year-old man with IgG4 associated sclerosing cholangitis, who was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and successfully treated with steroid therapy.

A Case of Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Distal Common Bile Duct Diagnosed by Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is often clinically challenging to diagnose. Even multidisciplinary approaches which include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography are unsatisfactory in some cases, especially with biliary stricture. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) with its direct visualization for biopsy appears to be a promising technique for detecting cholangiocarcinoma at an early stage. We report a case of adenocarcinoma in situ of the distal common bile duct (CBD) that was confirmed by PTCS. This case suggests the useful role of PTCS in the differential diagnosis of a distal CBD obstruction, particularly when other diagnostic modalities do not provide definitive information.

Liver cirrhosis on the colonic anastomotic healing in rats / Cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomose intestinal em ratos

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of cirrhosis on colonic anastomosis healing in rats. METHODS: Fifty five Wistar male rats were used (23 in the control group and 32 in the cirrhosis group). On the first day of the procedure, the rats in the cirrhosis group underwent double ligation and folding of the common bile duct to induce liver cirrhosis, and the control rats underwent a laparotomy and intestinal manipulation. On the fourteenth and thirty-fifth days, all of the animals were biochemically assessed for serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin and for liver histopathology. On the thirty-fifth day, cirrhosis was confirmed. On the twenty-eighth day, all of the animals were subjected to left colon transection and anastomosis. On the seventh day after the colonic anastomosis, the rats were sacrificed and macroscopically evaluated for dehiscence. The region of the colonic anastomosis was removed and subjected to hydroxyproline content measurement, conventional histology, and the immunohistochemical determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP 1). RESULTS: The biochemical and histopathological examinations confirmed cirrhosis in all of the animals in the cirrhosis group. More deaths occurred after anastomosis in the cirrhosis group (5/25) than in the control group (0/21), and anastomotic dehiscence was more frequent in the cirrhosis group (8/25) than in the control group (0/21). The average hydroxyproline concentration was lower in the cirrhosis group than in the control group. The immunohistochemical studies showed that the average VEGF expression in the cirrhosis group was lower than in the control group, and the average MMP1 expression was higher in the cirrhosis group. CONCLUSION: Hepatic cirrhosis leads to increased mortality and colonic anastomotic dehiscence, an increased distance between the mucosal edges of the anastomosis area, and a lower hydroxyproline concentration in the colonic anastomosis; therefore, these conditions are deleterious to healing.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomose intestinal em ratos. MÉTODOS: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomoses em ratos. 55 ratos Wistar machos foram utilizados (23 controles e 32 no grupo cirrose). No primeiro dia os ratos do grupo cirrose for submetidos à dupla ligadura e enovelamento do ducto hepático comum para indução de cirrose e os ratos controles foram submetidos à laparotomia e manipulação das alças intestinais. No dia 14 e 35, todos os animais foram avaliados bioquimicamente para dosagem sérica da alanina aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina, bilurrubinas, proteínas totais, albumina e histologia do fígado. No dia 35 a cirrose foi confirmada. No dia 28 todos os animais foram submetidos à colectomia esquerda e anastomose. 70 dias após anastomose os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia e foram avaliados macroscopicamente a procura de deiscência. A região da anastomose colônica foi removida para dosagem de hidroxiprolina, histologia convencional e imunohistoquímica para determinação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e metaloproteinase tipo 1 (MMP 1). RESULTADOS: A análise bioquímica e histológica confirmou a cirrose em todos os animais do grupo cirrose. Óbito ocorreu em maior freqüência após a anastomose no grupo cirrose (5/25) se comparado com grupo controle (0/21), e a deiscência da anastomose foi mais freqüente no grupo cirrose (8/25) se comparado com controle (0/21). A concentração média de hidroxiprolina foi menor no grupo cirrose se comparado com grupo controle. A análise imonuhistoquímica mostrou que a expressão VEGF no grupo cirrose foi menor que no grupo controle e a expressão média da MMP1 foi maior no grupo cirrose. CONCLUSÃO: A cirrose hepática leva a aumento de mortalidade e aumento na deiscência de anastomose, aumento na distância entre as pontes mucosas na area da anastomose, menor nível de hidroxiprolina na anastomose colônica e assim pior condição de cicatrização.

Hemobilia: diagnóstico por imágenes a propósito de dos casos / Hemobilia: imaging report of two cases

El diagnóstico de hemobilia resulta difícil en la práctica diaria; el tratamiento está destinado a detener el sangrado y resolver la causa del mismo. Los aneurismas de la arteria hepática constituyen una patología poco frecuente y una de las causas raras de hemobilia, la presentación clínica es inespecífica e incluye dolor abdominal, ictericia obstructiva y sangrado digestivo alto. Recientemente con el desarrollo de la radiología intervencionista se ha logrado reducir el número de cirugías, mediante la embolización transarterial, obteniendo tasas de éxito entre 80-100%.2 Se presentaran 2 casos de hemobilia, todos fueron estudiados con ecografía, colangiografía por resonancia magnética y angiotomografía. Se describen las características de esta patología con los distintos métodos por imágenes; se destaca la indicación de la arteriografía no sólo para el diagnóstico sino también como tratamiento (embolización). En un caso, la hemobilia fue identificada por duodenoscopia y en el otro por gastroscopia. A ambos pacientes se le realizó ultrasonido abdominal el cual mostró hepatomegalia, vesícula distendida con barro biliar, dilatación de vías biliares e imagen hipoecogénica en segmento V hepático. El doppler revela flujo activo en la vía biliar. Angiotomografía y colangiografía por resonancia magnetica revelaron aneurisma en la arteria hepática derecha en íntimo contacto con la vía biliar, correlacionado con la imágen hipoecogénica observada por ultrasonido. Ambos casos fueron resueltos por la liberación de coils intra-arteriales sin complicaciones.

The diagnosis of hemobilia is difficult in daily practice; treatment is designed to stop the bleeding and resolve its cause. Hepatic artery aneurysms are an uncommon condition and one of the rare causes of hemobilia; clinical presentation is nonspecific and includes abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Recently, due to the development of interventional radiology, the number of surgeries has successfully been reduced through transarterial embolization, achieving success rates between 80-100%.2 We present 2 cases of hemobilia that were evaluated by ultrasound, MRI cholangiography and angiotomography. We describe the characteristics of this disease with the use of different imaging methods; with emphasis on the use of arteriography not only for diagnosis but also for treatment (embolization). In one case, the hemobilia was identified by duodenoscopy, and in the other by gastroscopy. Both patients underwent abdominal ultrasound that showed hepatomegaly, distended gallbladder with biliary sludge, distended bile ducts and a hypoechoic image in liver segment V. Doppler revealed active flow into the bile duct. Angiotomography and MRI reported an aneurysm in the right hepatic artery in close contact to the bile duct, correlated to the hypoechoic image seen by ultrasound. Both cases were treated with transarterial coil placements without any complications.

Quiste del colédoco: presentación de quince casos / Choledochal cyst: presentation of fifteen cases

El quiste del colédoco es una rara anomalia congénita que ocurre en los países occidentales con una frecuencia de 1 por cada 2 millones de nacidos vivos. De predominio en el sexo femenino en una relación 4:1. La colangiografia permite clasificarlos en cinco tipos anatómicos y de acuerdo a la unión pancreático biliar en seis tipos. Su etiología no está todavía bien definida. Entre las hipótesis que tratan de explicar su patología están la debilidad de la pared del conducto biliar, la obstrucción distal del colédoco y el reflujo de enzimas pancreáticas al conducto biliar principal. En este informe se presentan quince casos tratados con éxito en el servicio de cirugía ifantil del Hopsital Unversitario de Maracaibo entre 1988 y 2008, todos del tipo 1 en hembras, con un poco más de la mitad entre 1 y 5 años de edad. En 14 casos se practicó la extirpación total con anastomosis hepato-yeyunal en "Y" de Roux y extirpación parcial en uno. Todos sobrevivieron. Entre las complicaciones se citan una dehiscencia de la anastomosis y una eventración posoperatoria en el mismo paciente.

Choledochal cysts are a rare congenital anomaly in occidental countries with a frequences of 1 x 2 million of live births. Predominant in females with a relation 4:1. By colangiography they are classify in five types and according to the pancreatic bile union in six types. Aetiology is still unknown. Among the hypothesis to explain pathogeny we have weak bile un conduct wall, distal choledochal obstruction and pancreatic enzymes reflux into the principal bile duct. In his report we present 15 treated cases with success between 1988 and 2008 in the surgical service for children of the Maracaibo university hospital, all of them type I in female patients with a little more tham half between I and 5 years old. In 14 cases we practice total extirpation with hepato-yeyunal anastomosis in Roux "Y" and partial extirpation in one. All of them survive. As complications they were one anastomosis dehiscence and one postoperative eventration in the same patient.

Rol de la colangio pancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda biliar leve y vesícula in situ / Endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatography (ERCP) among patients with biliary pancreatitis and gallbladder in situ

Background: An early decompression of the biliary tract can be useful in biliary pancreatitis. This can be accomplished with an ERCP. Aim: To analyze prospectively the outcomes of ERCP and eventual endoscopic management among patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis with gallbladder in situ. Material and methods: We studied 90 consecutive patients aged between 15 and 92 years (71 females) with mild acute pancreatitis and gallbladder in situ, that were subjected to an ERCP and eventual sphincterotomy. Forty nine patients (54 percent) had jaundice and 12 (13 percent) had cholangitis. Results: In 67 patients (74 percent), ERCP detected an abnormal ampulla. The bile duct was successfully cannulated in 89 cases (99 percent). Of these, 42 (47 percent) had a dilated bile duct and 36 (40 percent) had choledocholithiasis. In two patients (2 percent) ERCP was only diagnostic. In the remaining patients, it was therapeutic. Endoscopic treatment was successful in 86 patients (99 percent). No complications arising from the endoscopic procedure were recorded. Follow-up was completed in 84 patients (94 percent). Of these, 10 (12 percent) were not subjected to a cholecystectomy, in eight due to a high surgical risk and in two due to refusal. In the remaining 74 patients, a cholecystectomy was performed during the same hospitalization in 57 (77 percent) and on a deferred basis in 17 (23 percent). Conclusions: In patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis and gallbladder in situ, ERCP is a safe and effective method.

Objetivo: Analizar en forma prospectiva los resultados de la Colangio Pancreatografía Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) y eventual manejo endoscópico en pacientes portadores de pancreatitis aguda biliar (PAB) leve con vesícula in situ. Material y Método: Se estudiaron 90 pacientes consecutivos con PAB leve y vesícula in situ. La edad promedio fue de 49,5 +/- 18,6 años (78,9 por ciento mujeres y 21,1 por ciento hombres). Del total, 49 pacientes (54,4 por ciento) presentaron ictericia y 12 (13,3 por ciento) colangitis. Resultados: La CPRE pesquisó pato-logia de la ampolla en 67/90 pacientes (74,4 por ciento). La canulación selectiva de la vía biliar resultó exitosa en 89/90 casos (98,9 por ciento). En estos, se demostró una vía biliar dilatada en 42 (47,2 por ciento) y coledocolitiasis en 36 (40,4 por ciento). La CPRE fue diagnóstica en 2 enfermos (2,2 por ciento) y hubo indicación de procedimiento terapéutico en los 87 restantes (97,7 por ciento), este resultó exitoso en 86 (98,9 por ciento). No se presentaron complicaciones derivadas de la cirugía endoscópica. Se completó el seguimiento en 84/89 pacientes (94,4 por ciento). De estos, 10 (11,9 por ciento) no fueron colecistectomizados (8 debido al riesgo quirúrgico y 2 por rechazo a la intervención). De los 74 restantes, 57 (77 por ciento) fueron sometidos a una colecistectomía dentro de la misma hospitalización y 17 (23 por ciento en forma diferida. El 91,9 por ciento de ellas (68/74) mediante laparoscopia. Conclusión: En pacientes con PAB leve y vesícula in situ, la CPRE es un método seguro y efectivo. Además, permite efectuar una colecistectomía por vía laparoscópica, durante la misma hospitalización en la gran mayoría de los pacientes y constituye una alternativa a la colecistectomía en pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico.

Suspected Pulmonary Involvement of Autoimmune Pancreatitis / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Impacto de la práctica en un modelo de entrenamiento: en la adquisición de habilidades para la exploración laparoscópica de la vía biliar / Impact of the practice in a laparoscopy common bile duct exploration training model: in the acquisition of surgical skills

Determinar el impacto de la práctica en un modelo de entrenamiento inanimado en la adquisición de habilidades para la exploración laparoscópica de la vía biliar. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, comparativo, controlado, donde se incluyen dos grupos constituidos por cuatro individuos con similar entrenamiento y experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica avanzada. Ambos grupos (A y B) fueron evaluados mediante el uso del modelo, en cuatro tareas inserción de cateter para colanglografía, manejo de la cesta helicoidal, colocación del tubo en "t" de Kehr, uso del coledocoscopio. El grupo en estudio (A) acudió a 10 sesiones de entrenamiento en el modelo en un lapso de dos semanas, posterior a lo cual se realizó una nueva comparación con el grupo control, que no había realizado práctica alguna. La evaluación inicial de ambos grupos no mostró diferencias significativas. Luego de las sesiones de entrenamiento el grupo en estudio (A) mostró mejoría significativa en todas las tareas realizadas cuando se comparó con la evaluación inicial y con el grupo control (B), dejando en evidencia el positivo impacto del entrenamiento en la adquisición de habilidades. La práctica de pasos fundamentales para el exploración laparoscópica de la vía biliar en el modelo inanimado diseñado por los autores conduce a una mejoría en las habilidades del equipo quirúrgico y probablemente a un mejor desempeño en el quirófano.

To determine the impact of the practice in a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration training model in the acquisition of surgical skills. A prospective, comparative, controlled study with two groups, each constituted by four individuals with similar training and experience in advanced laparoscopic surgery the study group (A) had 10 training sessions with the model in a two week period. Both groups (A and B) were evaluated prior and after the practice, with the use of the training model in four tasks: insertion of a cholangiography catheter, management of a helicoidal basket, insertion of "t" tube and use of a choledochoscope. The initial evaluation of both groups did not show any significant differences. After the training sessions, the study group (A) showed a significant improvement in all the tasks when compared with the initial evaluation and the control group (B). This demostrates the positive impact of the practice on the acquisition of skills. Practice of the basic steps of laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct in the inanimate model designed by the autors results in a significant improvement in the skills of the surgical ream and might eventually result in a better performance in the operating room.

Effects of plastic stenting in commom bile duct of rats: a quantitative reaction analysis using collagen and elastin morphometry / Efeitos de prótese plástica em hepatocolédoco de ratos: uma análise quantitativa utilizando morfometria do colágeno e elastina

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of biliary stenting in rats through analysis of collagen and elastin deposition in the bile ducts. Methods: Twenty male rats underwent midline laparotomy, duodenotomy and transampullary stenting of the common bile duct with a 22Fr plastic stent. Animals were randomized in 4 groups, with 5 components in each: (I) control, (II) biliary stenting for 7 days, (III) biliary stenting for 14 days, and (IV) biliary stenting for 30 days. Sections of the common bile duct were stained using Hematoxylin Eosin; Sirius Red to quantitate the amount of collagen present; and Weigert's Resorcin-fuchsin to quantitate the amount of elastin present. Results: The percentage of area stained for collagen was 13.4; 21.5; 29.5 and 32.8, for groups I to IV, respectively. The percentage of area stained for elastin fibers was 7.0; 5.2; 4.0 and 2.9, for groups I to IV, respectively. Collagen/Elastin ratio was 2.4; 5.1; 11.0 and 14.4 for groups I to IV, respectively. Conclusions: The biliary stenting leads to collagen and elastin deposition in the bile ducts; and collagen deposition and collagen/elastin ratio are proportional to the period of stenting.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da colocação de prótese biliar em ratos, analisando a deposição de colágeno e elastina no hepatocolédoco. Métodos: Vinte ratos machos foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana, duodenotomia e colocação transpapilar de uma prótese plástica 22Fr no hepatocolédoco. Os animais foram randomizados em 4 grupos, com cinco componentes cada: (I) controle, (II) prótese biliar por 7 dias, (III) prótese biliar durante 14 dias e (IV) prótese biliar por 30 dias. Cortes do hepatocolédoco foram corados com Hematoxilina Eosina; Sirius Red para quantificar o colágeno; e Resorcina-fucsina de Weigert para quantificar a elastina. Resultados: A porcentagem de área corada para colágeno foi de 13,4; 21,5; 29,5 e 32,8 para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. A porcentagem de área corada para fibras de elastina foi de 7,0; 5,2; 4,0 e 2,9, para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. A razão colágeno / elastina foi de 2,4, 5,1, 11,0 e 14,4 para os grupos I a IV, respectivamente. Conclusões: O implante da prótese biliar leva à deposição de colágeno e elastina nos ductos biliares; e a deposição de colágeno e a relação colágeno / elastina são proporcionais ao tempo de permanência da prótese.

A Case of Hyperplastic Polyp at Distal Common Bile Duct / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Influencia del ayuno preoperatorio precoz sobre la respuesta inmunológica en pacientes sometidos a laparotomía biliar / Influence of preoperative fasting on the early immune response in patients undergoing laparotomy biliary

La utilización del ayuno preoperatorio de forma clásica se encuentra en la práctica clínica diaria vigente. El ayuno prolongado puede traer consecuencias negativas debido a que en el organismo se establece una situación de depleción metabólica, que junto con la agresión quirúrgica desencadena una respuesta de estrés, descenso de los depósitos corporales de glucógeno e incremento en la resistencia a la insulina, con hiperglicemia y alteraciones en la función inmunológica, incrementándose el riesgo de infecciones y de complicaciones postquirúrgicas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la influencia del ayuno preoperatorio precoz sobre el contaje de linfocitos T como marcador del sistema inmune y compararlo con el ayuno preoperatorio utilizado de forma clásica en pacientes sometidos a laparotomía biliar, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Angel Larralde. IVSS-Valencia. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experiemental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 19 pacientes de ambos sexos con edad promedio de 40 años quienes ingresaron al Servicio de Cirugía entre junio y septiembre del 2007 con diagnóstico de colecistopatía litiásica e indicación de laparotomía biliar, que no fueron excluidos por criterios previamente establecidos. Fueron divididos de manera aleatoria conformando un grupo control y un grupo estudio, el cual fue sometido a ayuno precoz suministrandose 400 cc de una bebida hidroelectrolítica 2 horas antes de la cirugía y a quienes se les midió el volumen gástrico residual antes de ser intervenido. A ambos grupos se les determinaron valores de glicemia y linfocitos T (CD4 y CD8) por citometría de flujo en el pre y postoperatorio. Con respecto al estado nutricional, evaluado mediante valoración global subjetiva e indice de masa corporal, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos, la mayoría estuvo bien nutrido. Se evidenció hiperglicemía en el postoperatorio con respecto al preoperatorio.

Choledochal cyst.

Choledochal cyst, a congenital anomaly, is a premalignant condition. Progressive damage to the bile ducts and to the liver parenchyma may also have association with the condition. Subsequent risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma may be lessen by early diagnosis and prompt definitive surgical treatment, that may even permanently correct the condition. A young lady was admitted into Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and was presented with pain in the upper abdomen associated with intermittent vomiting for several months. Her per abdominal examination revealed an ill defined mass in the epigastrium and right hypogastrium with diffuse tenderness. Patients may also present with attacks of jaundice of obstructive type, but this was absent in this particular case. Diagnosis of choledochal cyst was confirmed by the ultrasound. On exploration, the cyst was excised and Hepatico-jejunostomy and jejuno-jejunostomy was done by Roux-en-Y method. Her post operative period was uneventful and followed up till to date. Purpose of this presentation is to emphasize early diagnosis and definitive treatment of this developmental anomaly that may predispose to malignancy.

Common bile duct pathologies at Nawabshah

To determine the causes, prentation, management and outcome of Common Bile Duct [CBD] pathologies. Descriptive analytical study from January 1995 to December 2006. Surgical Unit-I, Nawabshah Medical College and Hospital, Nawabsheh. All patients who presented with CBD pathologies. Data of all the patients with CBD pathologies was collected and entered on a proforma, including their complaints, positive examination findings, investigation, diagnosis, procedure performed and its outcome. During the study period 45 patients presented with CBD pathology. Amongst them 14 were males and the rest females [31], with a mean age of 36.7 years. Around 67% patients had choledocholithiasis as the commonest cause. Exploration of the CBD with T-tube insertion was the commonest procedure, performed in 69% patients. About 4% patients had retained stones and 20% developed wound infection. Mean hospital stay was 13 days. Most common pathology involving the CBD was secondary stones; 95% patients had associated gall stones also

Suprapapillary needle puncture for common bile duct access: laboratory profile

BACKGROUD: Biliary cannulation to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be difficult due to technical reasons and often is necessary to perform papillotomy, where complications as pancreatitis and perforation may occur AIM: To show minimal complications by a new model of biliary access by means of the suprapapillary needle puncture and its laboratory profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After the approval of the protocol by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the institution a free and informed consent was signed by all patients participating in the study. From July 2003 to August 2004, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 patients were selected for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, using the suprapapillary puncture technique. All patients remained hospitalized, fasting and with basal hydroelectrolytic replacement, were clinically followed up and samples for the determination of serum amylase, lipase and C-RP (C-reactive protein) were collected before and 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after the procedure and reevaluated 60 days after the procedure. Laboratory parameters were submitted to statistical study using analysis of variance for repeated measurements. Multiple comparisons were made based on Wald's statistics RESULTS: The technique was successful in 93.4 percent (28/30) of the patients. No statistically significant difference regarding to the laboratory profile were observed. Complications related to the technique of papillary puncture occurred in 1/28 patients by not using the guide wire and in 1/28 where mild hemorrhage after dilation of the papillary fistula occurred. Regarding complications related to therapeutic procedures, there were 2/28 retroduodenal perforations, with one (1/30) following unsuccessful puncture and another due to the passage of Dormia's basket through the dilated fistula path. All patients submitted to diagnostic puncture and evaluated 60 days after the procedure presented...

RACIONAL: A cateterização para acesso às vias biliares na colangiopancreatografia retrógrada pode apresentar dificuldades técnicas, sendo necessário freqüentemente efetuar-se papilotomia, procedimento não isento de complicações como perfuração e pancreatite OBJETIVOS: Demonstrar menor incidência de complicações a partir do perfil laboratorial, através de nova técnica desenvolvida, a punção suprapapilar MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, 30 pacientes foram selecionados no período de julho de 2003 a agosto de 2004. Preenchidos os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, os pacientes, após explicação do protocolo e a assinatura do consentimento livre e esclarecido, foram submetidos a colangiopancreatografia retrógrada pela técnica de punção suprapapilar. Após o procedimento, foi feito seguimento com o paciente internado para avaliar possíveis complicações, bem como determinação dos níveis séricos da amilase, lipase e proteína C reativa nas 4 h, 12 h e 24 h subseqüentes e reavaliados 60 dias após. O estudo estatístico foi feito por análise de variância para medidas múltiplas e comparações múltiplas foram feitas por meio do teste de Wald RESULTADOS: O sucesso da técnica ocorreu em 93,4 por cento (28/30) dos pacientes. Não foram observadas alterações estatisticamente significantes no perfil laboratorial. Complicações relacionadas à técnica de punção ocorreram em dois pacientes: um pelo não uso do fio guia e em outro por hemorragia, após dilatação da papila. Relacionadas ao procedimento, ocorreram duas perfurações retroduodenais: uma decorrente de punção e outra após passagem do cesto de Dormia pela fístula dilatada. Após seguimento de 60 dias, nenhuma complicação foi observada CONCLUSÃO: Punção suprapapilar permite procedimentos investigativos e terapêuticos sem aumento significativo da amilase, lipase e proteína C reativa. Na punção diagnóstica ocorre reepitelização completa da papila, enquanto na...